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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 128(1): 53-8, ene. 2000. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-258087

ABSTRACT

Background: Endarterectomy is the treatment of choice for internal carotid artery critical stenosis. Some authors have proposed that the use of regional anesthesia has advantages over general anesthesia. Aim: To report our initial experience with carotid endarterectomy under regional anesthesia. Patients and methods: Between 1998 and 1999, patients with critical carotid artery stenosis, asymptomatic or with transient and recovered symptoms, were selected. A C2, C3, C4 root deep cervical block and superficial block was performed, using a mixture of lidocaine and bupivacaine. A carotid endarterectomy with patch and without routine shunt insertion, with standard and neurological monitoring, was performed. Results: During the study period, 94 carotid endarterectomies were done, 22 under regional anesthesia in 21 patients (12 male, age range 58-90 years old). Ninety five percent had hypertension, 52 percent smoked and 38 percent had renal dysfunction. One patient was converted to general anesthesia. Seventeen patients were discharged within 48 hours of the procedure and the rest, within 72 hours. There was no mortality or complications. Conclusions: Endarterectomy under regional anesthesia is less invasive, has excellent results and is well accepted by patients


Subject(s)
Humans , Coronary Disease/surgery , Anesthesia, Conduction/methods , Endarterectomy, Carotid/methods , Diabetes Mellitus/complications , Hyperlipidemias/complications , Hypertension/complications
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 127(1): 45-52, ene. 1999. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-243757

ABSTRACT

Background: There is a growing interest to perform a left internal mammary artery (LIMA) graft to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) on a beating heart through a minimally invasive access to the chest cavity. Aim: To report the experience with minimally invasive coronary artery surgery. Patients and methods: Analysis of 11 patients aged 48 to 79 years old with single vessel disease that, between 1996 and 1997, had a LIMA graft to the LAD performed through a minimally invasive left anterior mediastinotomy, without cardiopulmonary bypass. A 6 to 10 cm left parasternal incision was done. The LIMA to the LAD anastomosis was done after pharmacological heart rate and blood pressure control and a period of ischemic pre conditioning. Graft patency was confirmed intraoperatively by standard Doppler techniques. Patients were followed for a mean of 11.6 months /7-15 months). Results: All patients were extubated in the operating room and transferred out of the intensive care unit on the next morning. Seven patients were discharged on the third postoperative day. Duplex scanning confirmed graft patency in all patients before discharge; in two patients, it was confirmed additionally by arteriography. There was no hospital mortality, no perioperative myocardial infarction and no bleeding problems. After follow up, ten patients were free of angina, in functional class I and pleased with the surgical and cosmetic results. One patient developed atypical angina on the seventh postoperative month and a selective arteriography confirmed stenosis of the anastomosis. A successful angioplasty of the original LAD lesion was carried out. Conclusions: A minimally invasive left anterior mediastinotomy is a good surgical access to perform a successful LIMA to LAD graft without cardiopulmonary bypass, allowing a shorter hospital stay and earlier postoperative recovery. However, a larger experience and a longer follow up is required to define its role in the treatment of coronary artery disease


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Coronary Disease/surgery , Mammary Arteries/surgery , Thoracic Surgical Procedures/methods , Angiography , Exercise Test , Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis , Mediastinum/surgery , Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical/methods , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/methods
4.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 16(4): 187-92, oct.-dic. 1997. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-216450

ABSTRACT

El cálculo habitual de resistencia vascular sistémica (SVR) asume que la circulación se comporta como una resistencia, o sea, que relaciona en forma lineal los valores de presión y flujo medios. Por analogía con la ley de Ohm se utiliza la ecuación SVR=(PAM-PVC)/DC, es decir, la caída de presión entre los territorios arterial y venoso dividida por el débito cardíaco. Esta ecuación es usada universalmente en clínica y en investigaciones fisiológicas, aunque debiera ser obvio que es una sobre símplícación. La definición matemática de resistencia es la pendiente de la función presión/flujo, la que resulta difícil de determinar en pacientes. Para establecer si la ecuación SVR=(PAM-PVC)/DC es apropiada, determinamos experimentalmente la relación presión/flujo en 30 pacientes bajo circulación extracorpórea. La relación encontrada no correspondió a la ecuación arríba citada, ya que la presión a flujo cero (P0) resultó en todos los pacientes significativamente mayor que PVC. La pendiente de la relación presíón/flujo determinada experimentalmente, o sea la resistencia propiamente tal corresponde en realidad a la ecuación R=(PAM P0)/DC. Usando esta fórmula se obtienen valores de resistencia menores que usando la ecuación habitual, y no se confirma que la resistencia sea inversamente proporcional al débito cardíaco, como ha sido publicado


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Vascular Resistance/physiology , Blood Pressure Determination , Extracorporeal Circulation/methods , Hemodynamics , Myocardial Revascularization/methods
5.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 16(4): 193-9, oct.-dic. 1997. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-216451

ABSTRACT

Se estudiaron prospectivamente 17 pacientes con función renal preoperatoría alterada (creatininemia plasmática> 1,5 mg/dl) sometidos a cirugía con circulación extracorpórea. Los pacientes fueron randomizados a dos esquemas de protección renal. Grupo 1: Dopamina 2 ug/kg/min y grupo 2: Presión de perfusión elevada (70 mm Hg) durante circulación extracorpórea. Se midió filtración glomerular y flujo plasmático renal efectívo como clearances de inulina e 1251-hippuran, antes de la anestesia, durante la disección de la arteria mamaría, en circulación extracorpórea (hipotermia y normotermia), cierre del esternón y una hora del postoperatorío. Se midió además díuresís, electrolitos en sangre y orina, y clearances de creatinina, osmolar y de agua libre. La filtración glomerular durante la cirugía, antes de circulación extracorpórea, fue signifícativamente mayor en el grupo dopamina. Hubo tendencia a la disminución de la filtración glomerular durante la fase de hipotermia en ambos grupos. Por otra parte, el flujo plasmático renal efectivo aumentó discretamente respecto del control durante hipotermia en ambos grupos. Se encontró diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos durante cirugía, antes de circulación extracorpórea, en volumen urinario G1 (2,00 ñ 1,67 mL/min) vs G2 (0,29 ñ 0,19 mL/min), osmolaridad urinaria G1 (370 ñ 11 mL/min) vs G2 (627 ñ 157 mL/min), clearance osmolar G1 (2,15 ñ 1,42 mL/min) vs G2 (0,68 ñ 0,37 mL/mín), y potasio urinario G1 (33,1 ñ 12 mEq/L) vs G2 (71,1 ñ 23,7 mEq/L). Estos hallazgos sugieren un efecto de la dopamina sobre factores prerrenales en estos pacientes, ya que en los pacientes que no recibieron dopamina los valores encontrados son sugerentes de vasoconstricción renal


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Dopamine/pharmacology , Renal Insufficiency/drug therapy , Extracorporeal Circulation/methods , Creatinine/blood , Creatinine/urine , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Osmolar Concentration , Prospective Studies , Renal Insufficiency/surgery , Myocardial Revascularization/methods
6.
Rev. chil. anest ; 26(2): 121-8, dic. 1997. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-290332

ABSTRACT

Estudiamos el efecto de la hemodilución normovolémica sobre la presión arterial y periférica. A once perros anestesiados con pentobarbital y ventilados mecánicamente se les midió con catéteres Millar la presión arterial central y periférica, ubicando transductores en aorta y arteria femoral superficial respectivamente. En aorta torácica se instaló transductor electromagnético de flujo. Se administró fenilefrina (FNF) 0,4 y 1 µg/kg. y nitroprusiato (NTP) 2 y 4 µg/kg. Se midió presiones asistólica, diastólica y media, tanto central como periférica, así como flujo medio y presión crítica de cierre (PCC). La PCC se determinó por extrapolación del decaimiento exponencial de la presión arterial cuando el flujo sanguíneo se detuvo mecánicamente. Estas mediciones se realizaron en condiciones basal y alcanzado el máximo efecto de las drogas. Luego se realizó hemodilución extrayendo 30 a 35 ml/kl de sangre, y reponiendo suero fisiológico temperado, manteniendo constante la presión arterial sistólica. Finalmente se procedió a repetir las drogas vasoactivas y las mediciones hemodinámicas respectivas. La hemodilución disminuyó la PCC y la resistencia, con el consecuente aumento el flujo, sin alterar la presión arterial media. La disminución en la resistencia ocurrió independientemente de si en su cálculo se consideró o no la PCC. los efectos de FNF y NTP sobre la presión arterial central y periférica estuvieron de acuerdo a su farmacología y se mantuvieron después de la hemodilución. Sin embargo, hemodilución más NTP disminuyó la diferencia entre las presiones arteriales sistólicas periférica central. Estos resultados nos sugiere que la PCC está determinada, en parte, por las características reológicas de sangre


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Hemodilution/methods , Blood Pressure/physiology , Hemodilution/instrumentation , Nitroprusside/administration & dosage , Nitroprusside/pharmacology , Phenylephrine/administration & dosage , Phenylephrine/pharmacology , Blood Pressure , Central Venous Pressure/physiology , Transducers, Pressure
7.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 125(4): 425-32, abr. 1997. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-196286

ABSTRACT

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) usually undergo progressive dilatation and eventually may rupture,complication that caries a high mortality rate. If certain clinical conditions, like operative risk and aortic diameter are met, all patients should be considered for surgical repair. Analysis of our results with the surgical treatment of asymptomatic AAA prompted this stydy. Our of 479 consecutive patients operated because of AAA between 1976 and 1995, 378 (79 percent) were electively treated. Two decades: 1976-85 (101 patients) and 1986-95 (277 patients) were compared as far as associated medical conditions, surgical procedures, complications and mortality rate. There was no difference in age, sex, risk factors and aortic diameter. During the second decade we favoured the use of aortic tube grafts (53 percent vs 25 percent, p < 0.01) and epidural anesthesia (95 percent vs 35 percent, p < 0.01). During the last decade only 53.3 percent of the patients received blood transfusion, compared to 95.3 percent during the first period (p < 0.001). Operative mortality decreased from 5.94 percent to 0.72 percent (p < 0.05). Postoperative hospital stay diminished from 11.2 ñ 8.2 to 9.6 ñ 6.3 days (p < 0.05). These results compare favourable with those reported from other academic centers and support our therapeutic approach. Our contemporary surgical results serve as a reference for future clinical evaluation of endovascular procedures currently under investigation


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/surgery , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Thoracic Surgery , Elective Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data , Anesthesia , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/complications
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